Interview Paper - 1441 Words

S is a 59 year old African-American female born and raised in Anson County who has attended several institutes of higher learning. After earning a Bachelor of Science in Secretarial Administration from Barber-Scotia College, she later received special education teaching licensure from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Because of her love for learning, S has also taken online classes through the University of Phoenix. She has been a secondary special education teacher for three years and currently works with 8th graders at Anson Middle School. Also reared in Anson County, J is a 32 year old Caucasian male who earned a degree in history and international studies from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. His love of†¦show more content†¦According to J, truly democratic classrooms are not possible particularly at the middle school level; few students at this age have the maturity for such a model to work. There are certainly those few that take their education seriously and have intellectual interests; however, the fact that they are a minority would marginalize their input in the decision making process. The ultimate authority of the teacher provides a check on everything from classroom expectations to bullying. When posed with the question whether schools have grounds to punish students for their off-campus online speech, J expressed that the implications of the question are quite broad and require some nuance in approach. Public schools do have grounds to punish students for their off-campus online speech, but only in limited and specific circumstances. Threats of violence and harassment (such as cyberbullying) directed at members of the school community should certainly be dealt with by school administration. However, online speech that is merely controversial or vulgar, without threatening the safety of a specific person or groups of people, should not be addressed by school administrators. S agreed that public schools cannot control what a student says online off-campus except when it involves the safety of the school and/or students. If a student threatens to bring harm to others, be it staff or their peers, the principalShow MoreRelatedInterview with the Vampire Paper3909 Words   |   16 PagesProfessor Radek FLM 2009-100 2 December 2011 Summary Applications Paper: Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles I have enjoyed many vampire movies over the years, long before they became the popular pop-culture genre they have become due to the success of The Twilight Saga films. One movie I have enjoyed viewing many times since its debut in 1994 is Interview with the Vampire. This film is an adaptation of the book Interview with the Vampire written by Anne Rice in 1973 and published inRead MoreReflection Paper On The Interview Process1025 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 3- Reflecting on the interview process Reflexivity involves being able to think critically about the self and others research work, with a robust and open curiosity about how we find ourselves situated in events and interprets the behaviour of other people and ourselves (Coles, 1992). This is a reflexive paper of an interview experience of some general people about their knowledge regarding Aboriginal community’s health issue. There is a little research on how general people are awareRead More The Interview Paper890 Words   |  4 PagesThe Interview Paper Description of Stoneman Stoneman is ninetieth-years-old. He is a 5 feet 8 inch Chinese boy. He has a big nose but small eyes with glasses. By looking at his mouth, you will think that he is a talkative boy because of his big mouth, but not. He is a passive person. If you don’t talk to him, he never opens his big mouth because he knows his mouth stinks. Although you maybe hate stink, you will like to talk with him because he is really very kind and he can give you a goodRead MoreInterview Paper : Comparative Interview Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesComparative Interview Paper Gladwell Kamaru MidAmerica Nazarene University Comparative Interview Paper I got the opportunity to interview two distinct professional counselors. I will be discussing their similarities and differences in their professional careers; Based on their professional identity, approach to therapy orientation, work setting as well as discussing unique experiences they have encountered. The interview experience was very insightful in understanding the work environment forRead MoreInterview : Comparative Interview Paper Essay1700 Words   |  7 PagesComparative Interview Paper Introduction Gladwell Kamaru MidAmerica Nazarene University Comparative Interview Paper Introduction I got the opportunity to interview two distinct professional counselors. I will be discussing their similarities and differences in their professional careers; Based on their professional identity, approach to therapy orientation, work setting as well as discussing unique experiences they have encountered. The interview experience was very insightful in understandingRead MoreInterview Paper1104 Words   |  5 Pagesshe is involved in to be important. She dislikes people who put other people down. Overall CW values her family and hard work ethic. Assessments Performed: On February 20th, 2017, the following tools were used to complete an initial evaluation: interview, informal structured observation, and the Texas Functional Living Scale [TFLS]. The TFLS is a standardized assessment tool that is used for individuals who are 16-90 years old (Munro Cullum, Weiner, Saine, 2009). This is also an assessment thatRead MoreInterview With My Interview Paper929 Words   |  4 PagesFor my interview paper, I decided to talk to my neighbor Rebecca Schwartz, who I have known for 14 years. I decided to interview her because she was an early education teacher for infants and toddlers and has experience working with an entire classroom of students with disabilities as well as experience working with a classroom with only one student with a disability. I wanted to gain insight on her experiences teaching a classroom with only one student with a disability, while the remaining classroomRead MoreInterview Reflection Paper846 Words   |  4 PagesFor my interview re flection paper, I decided to listen to the NPR’s interview with Oliver Sacks, â€Å"A Neurologist at the ‘Intersection of Fact and Fable.† Terry Gross had the opportunity to interview him in regard to his book, â€Å"Hallucinations,† which elaborates on patients who had hallucinations as a result of numerous different causes, including medications and injuries. Gross also asked him personal questions that pertained to his own experiences with recreational drugs and being a neurologist. ThereforeRead MoreLeadership Interview Paper721 Words   |  3 PagesLeadership Interview and Reflection Paper Grand Canyon University LDR-600 Leadership Styles and Development Tiffany Helton April 24, 2013 When interviewing a leader in an organization in order to discover their leadership style one must ask critical questions. I had the opportunity to interview Casey Aguirre who is a Team Manager at the Salem Call Center for T-Mobile. Casey has been with T-Mobile for over 11 years. In this interview we discussed her leadership style, the steps she took toRead MoreInterview Paper With A Counselor Essay800 Words   |  4 PagesAuthor Interview paper with a Counselor (Rebecca Alexander), and a Social Worker (Mina McVeigh). This interview is for Mrs. Scott’s online class. â€Æ' Throughout history in the United States, we have multiplied the amount of individuals who are considering or participating in the fields: social work and/or counselor. These career fields are not always positive because individuals see situations that makes them cringe. However, there is a lot of rewarding aspects of these specific fields, each individuals

Christian Vs. Christian Home - 862 Words

Growing up in a Christian home and then slowly departing from that teaching can be difficult for most Christians and more than a struggle for some. Yes, I’m certain that we are all aware that the bible says â€Å"Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it.† Proverbs 22:6. I’m not sure if I agree with that anymore. Why? Well, my parents raised me as a Christian. I went to church, not faithfully but I went majority of the time. I was in praise dancing and even went to bible study. Now it’s like every since I came to Olivet, I feel as if religion is forced upon me. I didn’t feel this way when I was younger. I’ve departed from giving God my full attention, attending church regularly, being a full-time Christian, and reading the bible. I believe in God, but something is missing. I want the freedom to know him, not the force. In â€Å"How to Read the Bible† by Kallistos Ware, he explained a lot of tremendous things. By a lot I mean how to encounter the full understanding what God has fully revealed to us that we possible haven’t seen. In those cases, how to recognize them. Not only that, but how to respond. It deliberates on our spiritual being understanding what God is saying. And by that I mean we wait on God to talk to our spirit. It says here by Kallistos that â€Å"As we read, we wait on the Spirit.† (Ware, 1). When I began reading this article, the first thing that came up in my mind is that this article is going to give me guidelines andShow MoreRelatedChristianity vs. Islam1148 Words   |  5 Pagesconversation with God. Christians and Muslims follow the Old Testament. While there is a paralleled beginning to the Holy Bible and the Quran, Islam views the text as corrupt and follows later writings by Mohammed. Christians simply refer to previous texts as the Old Testament, while Muslims call it Injil (Islam vs. Christianity). Muslims maintain that the current version of the Christian Old Testament is corrupt; Christians believe it to be the infallible word of God (Islam vs. Christianity). AlthoughRead MoreEvaluate the Changes and Continuities in the Role of Religion in Chinese Society from 600 to 1450.1043 Words   |  5 PagesChina has been the home to various religions. At different times different dynasties endorsed certain religions while repressing others. While Buddhism flourished during the Sui and Tang dynasty, it faced opposition from the government during the Song dynasty. Confucianism lost government endorsement during the Sui and Tang but gained momentum during the Song as Neo-Confuc ianism. Yuan dynasty promoted Islam and Tibet Buddhism but ignored Confucianism. Different rulers sponsored and protected differentRead MoreFollowers Of Christ Under Islamic Law1711 Words   |  7 Pagesthe minorities of the country who are often non-muslims.Meaning they re obligated to dress the way its considered desirable for a muslim citizen to dress, and their private lives have to be led according to the religious laws.For instance if a Christian woman winds up pregnant without a marriage licence, under the law shes to be sentenced to 100 lashes, but if the woman was married and pregnant outside her marriage she is to be put to death for adultery.The purpose of Sharia may be in place to provideRead MoreChristianity vs. Scientology1164 Words   |  5 PagesChristianity vs. Scientology I. Introduction Most people today have a limited understanding of Scientology and tend to believe that it is not a bona fide religious ideology. However, it is actually similar to most religions and by looking at the concepts that it puts across one is probably to acknowledge that it is actually very complex. Scientology is a modern religion and it can be best understood by comparing it with an older religion such as Christianity. Conservative Christians feel that thisRead MoreMartels Use of Conflict in the Life of Pi1269 Words   |  5 Pagesconflicts that fall in them. These are evident as one reads through the interesting novel Life of Pi. Piscine Patel has a very dynamic life that brings out different kinds of conflicts through his lifetime. These conflicts can be broken down into: Man vs. Religion On his quest to make a better connection with God, Pi finds himself during their family trip to Munnar inside a church and having tea with the priest. He learns about the features of the Christians God and cannot find a way to understandRead MoreNature vs. Nurture: a Biblical Perspective1531 Words   |  7 PagesRUNNING TITLE: Nature vs. Nurture Nature vs. Nurture: A Biblical Perspective Ouida Lynne Heath Psychology 101, Module 5 Professor Roberts December 17, 2009 Nature vs. Nurture: A Biblical Perspective The Nature versus Nurture debate has been ongoing for centuries. People have tried to gain power through knowledge in determining what causes the human â€Å"mind to tick.† For centuries leaders and scientists haveRead MoreA Brief Note On Dutch, Scottish And Chinese Culture1055 Words   |  5 Pagesof a Sunday dinner; and a big comparison was my attitude it’s hugely laid back and compassionate compared to the attitudes I encountered over in other countries. By this simple comparison it really opened my eyes about how Kiwi I was and where my home is. As for my religious side I grew up in a household where religion wasn’t practiced however my Father was Catholic and my Mother is Agnostic. With this in mind most of the traditions that my household and I practice are similar like most othersRead MoreThe Crucible: John Proctor and John Hale - Good Citizen vs. Good Perso1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Crucible: John Proctor and John Hale - Good Citizen vs. Good Person In The Crucible, Arthur Miller portrays the two main characters, John Proctor and Reverend John Hale as good men. The term good men in this play is ambiguous. Reverend John Hale was a good man in the sense of being the perfect and good citizen of Massachusetts in the 1600 s. He was pious, adherent to the laws and beliefs, and a good Puritan Christian. John Proctor, on the contrary would not be considered the greatestRead MorePaul Of Tarsus : A Christian Perspective Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesPaul of Tarsus was not one of the original twelve apostles, but apparently he had an epiphany while traveling to Damascus and became a Christian. Even more than that, Paul founded many of the tenets of Christianity and transformed it into a universal religion. Because of Paul, Christianity wasn t limited to Judaism, but became a Greco-Roman religion, open to all. He made Jesus divine, born of a Virgin, descended from the House of David, laid the basis for Original Sin, redefined the definition ofRead MoreNature vs. Nurture: A Biblical Perspective1182 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferently. I have witnessed a person raised in a poor home by parents with drug addictions become a thriving contributable member of society. Unfortunately, I have also witnessed a person raised in a Christian home with a Father as a minister who ended up in prison. 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Can Carnage on Our Roads Be Stopped free essay sample

Carnage can be defined as â€Å"the killing of a large amount people†. It is a fact that over a thousand people were killed during the festive season this year. More recently, one hundred people died on our roads this past Easter weekend, showing that the danger is not alleviating. What are the causes of this carnage? Can it be stopped? There are many factors which contribute to the large death toll on our roads. Firstly, a road traffic accident can happen when the drivers attention is continuously distracted. When a driver is impaired by tiredness, illness, alcohol or other drugs (both legal and illegal), the likelihood of one of these contributing to a road accident is high. An accident is likely to happen when the road conditions are not favourable. Speeds also exceed safe conditions, such as the speed for which the road was designed, and the speed of surrounding motorists can also precipitate a road accident. We will write a custom essay sample on Can Carnage on Our Roads Be Stopped? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Drinking and driving is a big cause of death on our roads. More media advertising should be put in place to ensure people are aware of the dangers of drinking and driving. Also, harsher penalties should be put in place for people who are found to be drunk whilst driving. Therefore, more roadblocks should be put on our roads to ensure that drivers will not drive if they have consumed too much alcohol. Taking all this into consideration, measures should be put into place to ensure the numbers of people dying on our roads significantly decreases. The traffic departments across the country have a big role to play. Heads of these departments should ensure that each traffic officer are proactive and enforce all road laws, not only speeding. These laws include ill-discipline, disregard of signage and road markings and negligent and reckless driving. They should contribute to the safe and expeditious flow of traffic, thus ensuring fewer accidents on the road. The average South African road user is not only to blame. The whole system is to blame, poor policing and lack of confidence in policing authorities. This includes the general justice system. Many people get away with disobeying the rules of the road. They only get small fines and most offenders do not even pay it. More hard-core, corruption free policing and law enforcement is needed. Prison time, with revocation of licences must the mandatory punishment for accidents caused by blatant lawlessness, recklessness and un-roadworthiness, especially when it causes deaths. In conclusion, I think that if no measures will be put in place to reduce the carnage on our roads, it will certainly not decrease. Prevention is better than cure, so if people are taught to drive more safely and cautiously, the death toll will decrease.

The Importance of Action Research

Introduction Professional development and action research are both very significant in the teaching profession. Worthwhile and effective professional developments are always being sought by principles, supervisors and even specialists.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Action Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to improve their service delivery, teachers are usually prompted to attend in-service meetings, conferences and even workshops. Some of these activities are usually frustrating and time consuming. There is great need therefore for teachers to impact their professional development which in the long run impacts on their proficiency. An action plan is particularly significant in a situation whereby things are not running are expected or there is a need in the change of strategy.[1] Practical solutions might be very much needed in such cases. Action research therefore ensures tha t a practical solution into whatever social situation is found. By using action research the tutor understands the situation deeply besides finding the most practical solution to it. It involves a teacher’s research into his/her own actions and possible actions to be undertaken in order to improve the same. Action research is significant in ensuring that a viable solution to any situation is found. It is common for a one person’s solution working to the disadvantage of others especially if the solution is from outside, hence the need for action research. It gives insight into the past situation, the present as well as the future projections concerning the situation at hand. Action research enables the teacher not only to practice but also improve the situation under which the practice is done. It is very vital in ensuring social change. The teacher is therefore able to be empowered professionally as he/she is made to understand the workplace well. It is a significant t ool in ensuring that the teacher understands his/her practice, ways of improving the same, enable him/her understands the ways in which the person is able to understand changes from outside and enable one to improve the practice through changing the outside. Literature Review Inquiry based learning has been in place for a long time and it is based on asking questions and finding possible solutions to the same (French, 2005, p.2). Action research usually ensures that teachers are constantly informed of any changes that occur particularly those involving their techniques of service delivery hence ensuring that the learning are kept abreast with the changing times as well as methods of learning like cooperative learning.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Action research has been found out to be the most effective way of ensuring the development of teachers in their profession. The paper ex amines the reactions of school teachers to the issue of action research. Professional Development Professional development is very vital in the improvement of a tutors craft or teaching practice and it is significant in improving the learning environment. It focuses on the basic practices that are vital in education. It ensures the development of skills, practice as well as knowledge all of which are very important in the learning process. Action research is vital for the improvement of a learning institution. It is able to help the teacher in ensuring effective teacher development. Teachers are meant to believe that they are performing very important work hence no need to burnout as they act as moral educators. Any form of teacher development should be aimed at uplifting as well as inspiring those involved in it. It should be geared towards ensuring higher performance among the learners as well as improving collaboration and teamwork.[2] Several published lists which are aimed at h ighlighting professional development. These have been compiled by researchers and other organizations like the Education Testing Services as well as the department of education. There have been numerous debates concerning what professional development involves. The common ground for all these arguments however lies in the fact that it involves the enhancement of leadership capabilities, enhancing effective time management, enhancing thinking skills as well as effective use of resources.[3] Reflective Practices Action research has a lot to do with reflection. This involves being attentive to knowledge and believes. It dates back to the days of Buddha and Plato. It goes beyond examination and thinking. It is an active process that aims at gaining deeper understanding as well as ensuring improvement. Reflection can be defined as an out-of-body experience whereby an analysis of the actions is made and they are viewed in the thinking as well as decision-making context. It is governed by intention which implies that it is not passive. Teachers therefore need to use reflection while trying to improve the student’s contextual learning as well as during the adapting process, the application as well as their evaluation of their knowledge.[4]Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Action Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reflection can be in various forms for instance, on-line chats or discussion groups. It helps in bringing out different perspectives and various solutions to a given issue. It is crucial in narrowing down the gap that exists between theory and practice. The major reflection types include technical, practical as well as critical analysis. Technical reflection for instance mainly deals with the ensuring of the attainment of goals and it puts a lot of emphasis on efficiency. Practical reflection on the other hand mainly focuses on the attainment of goals and th e means or strategies involved in the attainment of the same. Here effectiveness as well as goal justification is significant. In critical reflection, the goals and the means to the same are analyzed in accordance with the justice or morality context. The purpose and growth are put into account in this case. Reflection practices are able to fit into more of these types at the same time. Many models have been suggested over the effective professional development in the past some of which are short-term while others are long-term. Action research is just one of them. Action Research in Professional Development Action Research can be termed as the study of the learning environment like the school or classroom with the intention of improving the teaching. It is scientific and systematic, involving inquiry and contextual professional development. The process is reflective and it is usually motivated by growth and improvement in teaching. There are various steps involved in action researc h. They basically involve the identification of the problem, determining the needs or methods of data collection, collection and analysis of data, creation of an action plan, description of the use of the findings, report as well as the future plan. The process is usually cyclical. The steps are vital in ensuring professionalism, completeness as well as validity of the action research. It usually requires regular observation.[5] Reflections Most teachers when asked about action research have observed that it is usually very significant in ensuring professional or even professional growth. It helps them in becoming role models and in impacting their colleagues. They become agents of change and change their modes of giving instructions hence, witnessing general improvement in their service delivery. They in the process become credible teachers. Teachers who have been consulted seem to be sure of the fact that action research aids in boosting their confidence and hence improving their efficiency in service delivery. They are able to redesign the way they issue the instructions.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They become empowered and hence are able effectively deliver their talents, and come up with creative ideas that help them to meet the needs of the learners. They are able to implement programs or even acquire others skills. Most of them after doing action research they are in a position to develop greater autonomy, they develop problem solving skills and they are able to effectively use data from their respective classrooms. Action research is very vital in ensuring that the respective goals are accomplished. Action research enables the teachers to be the authors of their own research. They participate in the creation as well as accomplishment of their own goals and this drives them towards the accomplishment of the same. They take part in the setting of goals for development.[6] One of the teachers consulted observed that significant transformation was observed in his communication with the colleagues after action research occurred. The conversations from colleagues turned from po lite talks to comprehensive conversations. The dialogues become helpful and the relationship with the other teachers was greatly enhanced. Collaboration and teamwork was greatly boosted. Action research helps the teacher to turn from the traditional methods of teaching to those methods that are modern and effective hence ensuring the satisfaction of the needs of the students. It is therefore very important in ensuring professional development for the teachers. Studies have proved that action research is very vital in the overall improvement in the performance of a school on a long-term basis.[7] There are some teachers who have no idea about action research yet indulge in other activities that are geared towards ensuring professional development some of which include routine reflection by the teachers. A study done on two teachers Mary and Rita showed that even some of the qualified teachers from college have no idea about action research although some of them might have the knowled ge of some of its elements like data collection as well as methods of analysis. This greatly influences their service delivery. Some of them like Rita have an experience of many years in the teaching profession with the desire for professional development yet they might have no idea about action research. Most of the reflection done by them is informal and it might not necessarily be directed towards ensuring that their goals are met and the needs of the students are met as well. They do it unconsciously. Analysis of the Situation Teachers who do not employ action research in their teaching are less likely to meet the desired goals in their teaching and they might not be able to witness professional development. Some of them might encounter challenges which could be solved by carrying out action research, but because of ignorance, they might not be in a position to effectively tackle the problem. The reflective practices carried out by most of them can only be effective if it is cou pled with action research. According to the training done, it is quite evident that the action research process is systematic and it has to be carried out using the appropriate procedures and techniques like coming up with a research plan, outlining research questions, setting timeline with the intention of reviewing the information, implementing the action research project data collection as well as analysis and the sharing of the same. Action research might in some cases involve experimenting of the possible solutions to the existing problem. In Mary’s case for instance, she had to try motivational tactics in trying to make her students handle their assignments and hand them in at the appropriate time. She tried the tactic of rewarding the students who handed in all their assignments on time. Action research is very vital in determining those factors that might greatly influence the attitudes of the students and hence in the long run affect their performance. The teacher mi ght for instance be forced to adapt new tactics while teaching so as to ensure effectiveness in the long run. When effectively done, action research is able to turn the teaching process from a cumbersome and tedious activity to an enjoyable one. It is therefore an important vehicle of change.[8] Action research is vital in clearing out any confusing issues that might emerge in the teaching process. Questions are formulated and answers to the same are formulated. Discussions might be held in some cases so as to enhance clarity of the issues at hand. Frequent meetings held while carrying out the action process are vital in offering encouragement, excitement as well as mentorship opportunities to the participants. Interviews are usually crucial in the process of data collection. A reflection held at the end of the process is also significant. Action research is vital in enhancing accountability, awareness as well as ensuring that the teaching is done in a systematic manner. It enhances sharing and professionalism of the teacher. Awareness Action research helps the teachers in being reflective. Through reflection, they are able to know whether there past practices or lessons were effective. It enables the researcher to rely on facts rather than trial and error. Its process of discovery is structured and one has to rely on facts from the experiment rather than depending on his/her memory. These facts can be kept for future reference as well as improvement. The formal steps carried out during the action plan are very significant especially when one is informing his/her colleagues about the same. The data collected is usually important. Action research helps the teacher to reflect on his/her teaching process and enable the person to avoid prejudgments or depending on making guesses. It helps in avoiding wrong and misguided judgments. This is vital for every teacher. It helps one to be more serous, reflective and attentive. It enables one to one to look at the results and make an analysis of the same without depending on assumptions.[9] One is able to get the actual concept of what is going on rather than relying on his/her impression of what is going on. The reflective practices are particularly significant in the teaching process. One is able to get substantive evidence of whatever is occurring rather than relying on abstract concept. It is important in establishing a connection between the teacher and the student. The teacher becomes attentive to whatever happens within the classroom rather than brushing everything else aside. It helps in eliminating biases as the teacher is able to depend on facts rather than speculations. By carrying out action research, the teacher comes up with specific solutions to improving the teaching as well as ensuring the overall improvement in the performances of the students. The action research has formal and systematic processes which ensure that ideas and results that come up during the reflection are not lost or forgotten. The process ensures that the issue at hand is kept on the mind the possible solutions formulated as opposed to mere reflection which only involves the thoughts which are likely to be forgotten within a short time. It helps the teacher in changing his/her perceptions about the occurrences within the classroom. It helps in bringing out abstract questions or concepts into ones that can be substantiated or concrete.[10] Approach The process is systematic hence making it easy to follow. In some cases, training is usually done for better results to be realized. The approach is organized and well structured. Through this, the attention of the teacher is usually focused on a particular issue or occurrence within the classroom hence a more specific solution is formulated. One is able to track whatever is going on rather than wish that things happened in a different way. All the activities are therefore carried out in an organized manner. In action research, one is able to come up with a plan for specific activities to be undertaken and the procedures of how to achieve the same are clearly outlined. Having due dates is very important in ensuring that activities are done within the stipulated time. One is able to set goals to be attained and track the same.[11] The findings are recorded and this is vital for future references. One may go back to the records and refer as opposed to plain reflection where one thinks of an idea and the same remains within ones mind. It is a formal process that leaved nothing to chance. One records not only the findings but the impressions as well. Given that the process is structured, the teacher is forced to adapt structure as well and the work is there organized. Whenever a step is accomplished, one feels that some task has been accomplished. Recommendations For professional development particularly in the teaching profession, an action research is necessary: The decisions made have to be based on the findings deduced from action research and not on abstract concepts.[12] One needs to keep a record of whatever findings he/she comes up with from the action research. One need to structure his/her lessons based on concrete information and data rather than relying on abstract ideas and guesses or personal judgments. One needs to be formal and follow the whole procedure of action research in a systematic manner. Every finding must be substantiated and where possible, it should be accompanied by an experiment so as to verify the same. Findings need to be coupled with the appropriate evidences. The process has to be objective and it should not be guided by biases, prejudgments or personal judgments. It has to be accompanied by data or statistical evidences. Opinions about professionalism should be based on findings from action research. This is because research is involved in the process and the arguments are presented and backed by substantive evidence. Generalities need to be avoided. The facts need to be specific and nothing should be left to chance. Accountability must be enhanced in the process. The procedures need to be followed to the later and the appropriate findings put down and in the cases where they need to communicated to others, they need to be communicated accurately. In the cases where the participant is not well versed with the process, it might be a good idea to undergo the appropriate training before undertaking the process. Conclusions must be drawn from the data collected and not merely depended on speculations. The participants need to keep strict timelines so as to ensure that the whole process is done within the set time. Conclusion Action research is the most appropriate method in ensuring professional development. It is differs from the regular practice of reflection as it is more concrete and it is accompanied by statistical evidence.[13] It is vital in enhancing professionalism and sharing among the teachers.[14] Action research is vital in enhancing the reflective teaching process as it enhances awareness. The process is more systematic than mere reflection and it enhances accountability. It raises the consciousness of the participants to the reflection process. It is formal, scientific, timely and more specific as opposed to the abstract reflective process. By carrying out action research, one ensures that the needs of the students are met though the adoption of the most appropriate teaching practices. It helps to boost the confidence of teacher and hence enabling him/her to effectively carry out his/her duties.[15] The concrete evidence from the action research is important in avoiding the trial-and -error approach or overdependence on mere assumptions. The systematic approach adopted is usually necessary in enhancing professionalism. The process involves the outlining of a concrete plan which is followed in the process and the fact that findings are written down is vital for future references. Action research is therefore a wort hwhile process. Bibliography Bernstein, Richard.   Praxis and Action. London: Duckworth, 1971. Black, Cheryl. â€Å"Issues regarding the facilitation of teacher research.† Reflective Practice  6, No. 1 (2005): pp. 107-122 Buber, Martin. Between Man and Man. London:Trubner Burke, Aaron. â€Å"Teaching: Retrospect and Prospect.† Oideas 39, no. 6 (1999): pp. 5-254. Co. Ltd., 1947. Caughlan, Saidomar. â€Å"Considering Pastoral Power: A commentary on Aaron Schutz’s Rethinking Domination and Resistance: Challenging Postmodernism†Ã‚  Educational Researcher 34, no. 2 (2005): pp. 14-16. Habermas, Jurgen. The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political  Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Hill, Dave. Marxism against Postmodernism in Educational Theory. London: Lexington Books, 2002. Holquist, Michael. Dialogism Bakhtin and his world. London: Routledge, 1990. Ilyenkov, Evaild. The Dialectics of the Abstract and the Concrete in Marx’s Capit al. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1982. Ilyenkov, Evald. Dialectical Logic. Moscow: Progress Publishers,1977. Lyotard, Francois. The Postmodern Condition: A report on Knowledge. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1986. Marshall, John. â€Å"Living Systemic Thinking. Exploring quality in first-person action research.† Action Research 2, no. 3(2004): pp. 309-329. Marshall, John. â€Å"Living Life as Inquiry.† Systemic Practice and Action Research 12, no. 2 (1999): pp 155-171. McNiff, Jean. You and Your Action Research Project. London: Routledge, 2003. McNiff, Jean. Whitehead, Jack. Action Research for Teachers, London: David Fulton. 2005. Footnotes Burke, Aaron. â€Å"Teaching: Retrospect and Prospect.† Oideas 39, no. 6 (1999): pp. 5-254. Bernstein, Richard.   Praxis and Action. London: Duckworth, 1971. Marshall, Joan. â€Å"Living Life as Inquiry.† Systemic Practice and Action Research 12, no. 2 (1999): pp 155-171. Black, Cheryl. â€Å"Issues reg arding the facilitation of teacher research.† Reflective Practice 6, No. 1 (2005): pp. 107-122 Buber, Martin. Between Man and Man. London:Trubner Co. Ltd., 1947. Caughlan, Saidomar. â€Å"Considering Pastoral Power: A commentary on Aaron Schutz’s Rethinking Domination and Resistance: Challenging Postmodernism† Educational Researcher 34, no. 2 (2005): pp. 14-16. Habermas, Jurgen. The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Holquist, Michael. Dialogism Bakhtin and his world. London: Routledge, 1990. Hill, Dave. Marxism against Postmodernism in Educational Theory. London: Lexington Books, 2002. McNiff, Jean. Whitehead, Jack. Action Research for Teachers, London: David Fulton. 2005. Marshall, John. â€Å"Living Systemic Thinking. Exploring quality in first-person action research.† Action Research 2, no. 3(2004): pp. 309- 329. Ilyenkov, Evaild. The Dialectics of the Abstract and the Concrete in Marx’s Capital. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1982. McNiff, Jean. You and Your Action Research Project. London: Routledge, 2003. Lyotard, Francois. The Postmodern Condition: A report on Knowledge. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1986. Ilyenkov, Evaild. Dialectical Logic. Moscow: Progress Publishers,1977. This essay on The Importance of Action Research was written and submitted by user Paris Joyce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gen. Daniel Morgan essays

Gen. Daniel Morgan essays Daniel Morgan The Hero Of The New America War are not won by any one soldier, they are won by a group of soldiers that are united under one strong leader. These soldiers fight with the courage and dedication of the man (or women since we are in the 21 century) that leads them into battle, as most are war torn veterans that have seen death many times before. The American Revolution was no different from any other war, except that a new country was fighting for it rights. The problem that the Americans faced was that many of their commanders were inexperienced and many were inadequately trained. Still even with all these hardships certain commanders still stood out. The majority of the commanders, such as George Washington, that made names for themselves during this war however, were ex-British officers. As always there were the exceptions to the rule, the home-grown country farm boys that made a name for themselves in their rise to infamy. One such home-grown hero was General Daniel Morgan, whose shade roots and mysterious p asts led him to be one of the finest field commanders the American army has produced. General Daniel The Old Wagoner Morgans history is a bleak and mysterious one, with only a little known about the early years of his life. Born in Hunterdon County, New Jersey to parents of Welsh decent, Morgan grew up in the life of a farmer, however at age seventeen he left the farm without the knowledge or permission of his parents. His sudden flight from the farm was fueled by a particularly brutal argument he and his father had had. To the time of his death Morgan remained estranged with his family, with little mentioned about his mother and whether or not he ever had any siblings. At this time he moved to Charlestown, Virginia where Morgan aged 17 or 18 could barely read or write. During his early years in Virginia, he became adept at card games, loved to brawl and indulge in a strong drink. Bei...

Louisa May Alcotts Family Tree and Genealogy

Louisa May Alcott's Family Tree and Genealogy Louisa May Alcott, best known as the author of Little Women, never married and has no descendants. Her rich ancestry, however, stretches back to early America and Europe and includes many well-known people, including her father, famous transcendentalist Bronson Alcott. Many people can claim a relation to Louisa May Alcott through her siblings, cousins and other relatives. Born on November 29, 1832 in Germantown, Pennsylvania (now a part of Philadelphia), Louisa May Alcott was the second of four girls born to Bronson Alcott and his wife, Abigail May. The March family everyone came to love in her books is based on her own family, with Louisa as her alter-ego Jo and her sisters as the other three little women. Louisa May Alcott died just two days after her father, on March 4, 1888 from long-term side-effects of mercury poisoning. She initially acquired this disorder from the drug calomel (which is laden with mercury) that doctors used to treat the typhoid fever she contracted while volunteering as a nurse during the Civil War. Louisa May Alcott is buried on Authors Ridge in Concords Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, with her family. Nearby, are the graves of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Henry David Thoreau. First Generation Reading the Ahnentafel genealogical numbering system is not difficult once you understand how this family tree is arranged. 1. Louisa May ALCOTT was born on 29 Nov 1832 in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. and died on 6 Mar 1888 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Ma. Second Generation (Parents) 2. Amos Bronson ALCOTT was born on 29 Nov 1799 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct. and died on 4 Mar 1888. He married Abigail MAY on 23 May 1830. 3. Abigail MAY was born on 8 Oct 1800 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Ma. and died in 1877. Amos Bronson ALCOTT and Abigail MAY had the following children: i. Anna Bronson ALCOTT was born on 16 Mar 1831 in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.1 ii. Louisa May ALCOTTiii. Elizabeth Sewall ALCOTT was born on 24 Jun 1835 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Ma. and died on 14 Mar 1858.iv. May ALCOTT was born on 26 Jul 1840 in Concord, Middlesex Co., Ma. Third Generation (Grandparents) 4. Joseph Chatfield ALCOTT was born on 7 May 1771 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct. and died on 3 Apr 1829. He married Anna BRONSON on 13 Oct 1796 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct. 5. Anna BRONSON was born on 20 Jan 1773 in Jerico, New London, Ct. and died on 15 Aug 1863 in West Edmeston, Ostego Co., New York. Joseph Chatfield ALCOTT and Anna BRONSON had the following children: i. Betsey ALCOTT was born on 4 Apr 1798 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct. and died on 5 Nov 1798.2 ii. Amos Bronson ALCOTTiii. Chatfield ALCOTT was born on 23 Oct 1801.iv. Pamelia ALCOTT was born on 4 Feb 1805 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct. and died on 11 Feb 1849.v. Betsey ALCOTT was born on 14 Feb 1808 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct.vi. Phebe ALCOTT was born on 18 Feb 1810 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct. and died on 28 Jul 1844.vii. George ALCOTT was born on 26 Mar 1812 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct. and died on 12 Jul 1812.viii. Junius ALCOTT was born on 6 Jul 1818 and died on 16 Apr 1852.ix. Ambrose ALCOTT was born on 10 Sep 1820 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct. 6. Joseph MAY was born on 25 Mar 1760 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died on 27 Feb 1841 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. He married Dorothy SEWELL on 28 Dec 1784 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. 7. Dorothy SEWELL was born on 23 Dec 1758 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died on 31 Oct 1825 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. Joseph MAY and Dorothy SEWELL had the following children: i. Charles MAY was born on 2 Nov 1785 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass. and died on 21 Mar 1856 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass.ii. Catharine MAY was born on 30 Dec 1786 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died in 1814 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass.iii. Louisa MAY was born on 31 Dec 1792 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass. and died on 14 Nov 1828 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass.iv. Edward MAY was born on 26 Aug 1795 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass. and died on 29 Apr 1802 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass.v. Samuel Joseph MAY was born on 12 Sep 1797 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass. and died on 1 Jul 1871 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass.vi. Elizabeth Sewall MAY was born on 5 Dec 1798 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died on 5 Mar 1822 in Portland, Cumberland Co., Maine.3 vii. Abigail MAYviii. Louisa C. Greenwood MAY was born on 2 Dec 1810 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass. and died on 23 Sep 1891 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass. Fourth Generation (Great Grandparents) 8. Captain John  ALCOX  was born on 28 Dec 1731 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. and died on 27 Sep 1808 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. He married Mary CHATFIELD on 28 Aug 1755 in Connecticut. 9. Mary CHATFIELD was born on 11 Oct 1736 in Derby, New Haven, Conn. and died on 28 Feb 1807 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. She was christened 7  Noc  1736 in First Congregational Church of Derby. Captain John ALCOX and Mary CHATFIELD had the following children: i. Lydia ALCOTT was born on 8 Dec 1756 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. and died on 23 Sep 1831.ii. Solomon ALCOTT was born on 8 May 1759 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. and died on 21 May 1818 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn.iii. Samuel ALCOTT was born on 29 Nov 1761 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. and died on 9 Jun 1819.iv. John Blakeslee ALCOTT was born on 24 Jun 1764 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. and died on 17 Sep 1837.v. Mary ALCOTT was born on 8 Sep 1766 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. and died on 18 Feb 1770.vi. Isaac ALCOTT was born on 12 Apr 1769 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. and died on 12 Sep 1809.4  vii.  Joseph Chatfield ALCOTTviii. Mark ALCOTT was born on 11 May 1773 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. and died on 21 Nov 1846.ix. Thomas ALCOTT was born on 16 Oct 1775 and died on 27 Apr 1778. 10. Amos BRONSON was born on 3 Feb 1729/30 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. and died on 2 Sep 1819 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. He married Anna BLAKESLEY on 3 Jun 1751 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. 11. Anna BLAKESLEY was born on 6 Oct 1733 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 3 Dec 1800 in Plymouth, Litchfield, Conn. Amos BRONSON and Anna BLAKESLEY had the following children: i. Noah Miles BRONSON was born on 15 Jul 1767 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. and died on 8 Sep 1859 in Weymouth, Medina Co., Ohio.5  ii.  Anna BRONSON 12. Samuel MAY was born. He married Abigail WILLIAMS. 13. Abigail WILLIAMS was born. Samuel MAY and Abigail WILLIAMS had the following children: 6  i.  Joseph MAY 14. Samuel SEWELL was born on 2 May 1715 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died on 19 Jan 1771 in Holliston, Middlesex Co., Mass. He married Elizabeth QUINCY on 18 May 1749 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. 15. Elizabeth QUINCY was born on 15 Oct 1729 in Quincy, Norfolk Co., Mass. and died on 15 Feb 1770. Samuel SEWELL and Elizabeth QUINCY had the following children: i. Elizabeth SEWELL was born on 12 Mar 1750 and died in 1789.ii. Samuel SEWELL was born on 11 Dec 1757 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died on 7 Jun 1814 in Wiscasset, Lincoln Co., Maine.7  iii.  Dorothy SEWELL Fifth Generation (Great, Great Grandparents) 16. John ALCOCK was born on 14 Jan 1705 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 6 Jan 1777 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. He married Deborah BLAKESLEE on 14 Jan 1730 in North Haven, New Haven, Conn. 17. Deborah BLAKESLEE was born on 15 Mar 1713 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 7 Jan 1789 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. John ALCOCK and Deborah BLAKESLEE had the following children: i. Lydia ALCOTT was born on 24 Nov 1730 in North Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 15 Nov 1796 in North Haven, New Haven, Conn.8  ii.  Captain John ALCOXiii. James ALCOTT was born on 1 Jun 1734 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. and died on 9 Aug 1806.iv. Jesse ALCOTT was born on 23 Mar 1736 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. and died on 29 Oct 1809.v. Daniel ALCOTT was born on 25 Mar 1738 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. and died on 24 May 1805.vi. David ALCOTT was born on 12 Jan 1740 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. and died on 29 Jan 1821.vii. Deborah ALCOTT was born in 1742 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. and died on 18 Jun 1831.viii. Mary ALCOTT was born in 1744 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 6 Mar 1825.ix. Thankful ALCOTT was born in 1748 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 1 Mar 1839.x. Hannah ALCOTT was born in 1751 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 1 Mar 1821.xi. Anna ALCOTT was born about 1753 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 5 Feb 1822 in Wol cott, New Haven, Conn.xii. Stephen ALCOTT was born about 1757 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. 18. Solomon CHATFIELD was born on 13 Aug 1708 and died in 1779. He married Hannah PIERSON on 12 Jun 1734. 19. Hannah PIERSON was born on 4 Aug 1715 and died on 15 Mar 1801. She is buried in Oxford Congregational Cemetery, Oxford, Conn. Solomon CHATFIELD and Hannah PIERSON had the following children: i. Joseph CHATFIELD was born on 4 Apr 1735 and died about 1795.9  ii.  Mary CHATFIELDiii. Hannah CHATFIELD was born about 1738.iv. Lois CHATFIELD was born about 1741.v. Eunice CHATFIELD was born on 6 Feb 1743 and died in 1823.vi. Rachel CHATFIELD was born about 1745 and died on 11 May 1778.vii. Comfort CHATFIELD was born about 1749.viii. Anna CHATFIELD was born about 1752 and died on 11 Sep 1853.ix. Comfort CHATFIELD was born about 1756 and died on 3 Nov 1798. 28. Joseph SEWELL was born on 15 Aug 1688 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died on 27 Jun 1769 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. He married Elizabeth WALLEY on 29 Oct 1713 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. 29. Elizabeth WALLEY was born on 4 May 1693 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died on 27 Oct 1713 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. Joseph SEWELL and Elizabeth WALLEY had the following children: 14  i.  Samuel SEWELLii. Joseph SEWELL was born on 13 Jul 1719 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died on 18 Aug 1719 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. 30. Edmund QUINCY was born on 13 Jun 1703. He married Elizabeth WENDELL on 15 Apr 1725 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. 31. Elizabeth WENDELL was born. Edmund QUINCY and Elizabeth WENDELL had the following children: 15  i.  Elizabeth QUINCY Sixth Generation (Great, Great, Great Grandparents) 32. John ALCOTT was born on 14 Jul 1675 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died in Mar 1722 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. He married Susanna HEATON on 8 May 1698 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. 33. Susanna HEATON was born on 12 Apr 1680 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 3 Mar 1736 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. John ALCOTT and Susanna HEATON had the following children: i. Abigail ALCOTT was born in 1703 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died in 1771.16  ii.  John ALCOCKiii. Elizabeth ALCOTT was born on 31 Jul 1708 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 23 Jan 1782 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn.iv. Sarah ALCOTT was born on 11 Aug 1711 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died in 1757.v. Stephen ALCOTT was born on 10 Aug 1714 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died in Feb 1742.vi. Mary ALCOTT was born on 10 Aug 1717 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. 34. John BLAKESLEE was born on 15 Jul 1676 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 30 Apr 1742 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. He married Lydia in 1696. 35. Lydia died on 12 Oct 1723 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. John BLAKESLEE and Lydia had the following children: i. Elizabeth BLAKESLEE was born on 1 Mar 1702 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn.17  ii.  Deborah BLAKESLEEiii. Mary BLAKESLEE was born on 5 Apr 1720 and died about 1799. 36. John CHATFIELD was born on 8 Apr 1661 in Guilford, New Haven, Conn. and died on 7 Mar 1748. He married Anna HARGER on 5 Feb 1685 in Derby, New Haven, Conn. 37. Anna HARGER was born on 23 Feb 1668 in Stratford, Fairfield, Conn. and died in 1748. John CHATFIELD and Anna HARGER had the following children: i. Sarah CHATFIELD was born on 5 Dec 1686 and died on 20 Jun 1721.ii. Mary CHATFIELD was born on 23 Apr 1689.iii. Abigail CHATFIELD was born on 2 Sep 1693.iv. John CHATFIELD was born on 26 Feb 1697 and died on 30 Oct 1793.v. Samuel CHATFIELD was born on 28 Aug 1699 and died on 17 May 1785.vi. Ebenezer CHATFIELD was born on 4 Jul 1703 and died about 1789.18  vii.  Solomon CHATFIELD 38. Abraham PIERSON was born about 1680 and died on 12 May 1758. He married Sarah TOMLINSON. 39. Sarah TOMLINSON was born about 1690 and died on 12 May 1758. Abraham PIERSON and Sarah TOMLINSON had the following children: i. Sarah PIERSON was born on 19 Aug 1705 and died in 1750.ii. Abraham PIERSON was born on 28 Jul 1707 and died in 1781.iii. Mary PIERSON was born on 26 Oct 1712 and died in 1790.19  iv.  Hannah PIERSONv. Stephen PIERSON was born on 4 Mar 1720 and died in 1758.vi.  Barchua  PIERSON was born on 1 Dec 1726. Seventh Generation (Great, Great, Great, Great Grandparents) 64. Phillip ALCOTT was born in 1648 in Dedham, Norfolk, Mass. and died in 1715 in Wethersfield, Hartford, Conn. He married Elizabeth MITCHELL on 5 Dec 1672 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. 6 5. Elizabeth MITCHELL was born on 6 Aug 1651 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. Phillip ALCOTT and Elizabeth MITCHELL had the following children: 32  i.  John ALCOTTii. Thomas ALCOTT was born in 1677 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 2 Apr 1757 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn.iii. Elizabeth ALCOTT was born on 6 Feb 1679 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn.iv. Phillip ALCOTT was born on 19 Nov 1681 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn.v. Agnes ALCOTT was born in 1683 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 8 Feb 1782. 66. James HEATON was born about 1632 and died on 16 Oct 1712 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. He married Sarah STREET on 20 Nov 1662. 67. Sarah STREET was born about 1640. James HEATON and Sarah STREET had the following children: i. Nathaniel HEATON was born on 19 Nov 1664 and died in 1725.ii. Abigail HEATON33  iii.  Susanna HEATONiv. Anna HEATON was born on 23 Dec 1682.

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POLS 102 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Negotiation with chinese Essay Example for Free

Negotiation with chinese Essay We wish to express sincere appreciation to Professor Shia Yun Chiang for his assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. In addition, special thanks to Yama (Yuehai shoe material Ltd) who’s familiarity with the needs and ideas of these team and was helpful during the early programming phase of this research. INTRODUCTION Continental Design is a company where excellence and customer satisfactory are priority. After ten years of being in business, continental now seeks to enter the Chinese market. On Thursday, June 13th 2013, some members were selected to visit the potential customers of our new shoe-soles designs to introduce and negotiate our terms. These members include Mr. Emmanuel Mlay (Financial Officer), Mr. Robin Sharma(Managing Director), Mr. Cliff Osoo (Contracting Officer), Ms. Bella Chan (General Overseer), Ms. Sandra O. K (Sales Manager). Upon arrival, we were taken in and around the factory to experience their works and then to the meeting room. In this report, we explain further our observation and findings in negotiating with the typical Chinese. This report emphasizes mainly on the observations which includes specifications, mode of conduct, styles and techniques also elaborating on how they work together as individualist or collectivism. Again the language used, what they felt at ease to say, their communication skills, relationships with clients, were also under study. However their reasoning and way of thinking was somehow fascinating and very interesting which this report enlightens ideally and strategically. A brief but very informative research was done to know our potential customers before reaching out to them. The one talked about in this report is â€Å"Yuehai shoes material†, a very renowned shoesole company in China. In the end, all business operations can be reduced to three words: people, product and profits. Unless youve got a good team, you cant do much with the other two. 1 1 By: Lee Iacocca 1 Chapter 1 THE CONTINENTAL DESIGN Continental design provides differentiated products that accelerate innovations in the global design market. With ten years of experience and commitment, Continental design has grown to be one of the strongest competitors in the field of designing. This company has also spent those ten years in developing its communication and negotiation skills. Its management capabilities have enabled it to technically handle the challenges and efficiently provide products that are best in the market. As Victor Papanek once said â€Å"Design is the conscious effort to impose a meaningful order. † Continental design was founded by a team of five engineers with one primary goal of working hard helping all small and big shoes companies to succeed through professionally enhanced designs. Today, Continental design is a full-service independent company with about 10 percent of the world market share. Our services cover the whole of Africa, South and North America, Middle East and few countries in Asia. Recently we have initiated our first staple toward China market. 2 BUYERS COMPANY PROFILE Yuehai Shoes Materials Yuehai shoe material has more than 20 years of manufacturing experience and large number of qualified senior employees who are devoted to settling problems and confronting challenges. It has adopted advanced equipment from Taiwan and main land China. The production technology is matured and reliable; at the same time it uses the original material that makes its products to be famous by their high qualities. Its domestic market ranges from Guangzhou and Dongguan where there is a stiff competition that helps them to develop new and up-to date designs that meet the market demands. It then covered the whole of China before capturing Europe and America as the first target in external market. Most recently, it has expanded its external market to Middle East and Africa as a whole, where it has entered into more than 10 different countries. Shoes are human daily life necessities. Shoes industries will never perish as long as human being still exists. With the use of imagination this company is committed to continue to develop shoe industries as part of making the life of entire society in the world better off. Address: No. 39 beicun road, huangqi, nanhai district, foshan city, Guangdong province, China. Tel: 8675785938525 Fax: 867578592981 Email: [emailprotected] net Yuehaixe. com. cn 3 Chapter 2 NEGOTIATION PREPARATION In negotiation there are few things that have to be put in place before the negotiating team or person set off for the negotiation. The factors that are mostly considered before negotiation are: ? Length of contract This is the period that the contract will take before it’s renewed again. The seller always concentrate in this factor because it affect the profit the company will make and for how long. Mostly its 1 to 3 years. This factor is important because it also influence the price to be offered to the buyer. ? Volume to be ordered After a seller has agreed on the length of contract then the next thing to talk about is the Volume that will be bought. When few goods are bought, there is a high possibility that the price will be higher unlike when a large quantity is bought; therefore these first two factors influence the price of the item. ? Price The third factor to talk about after length of contract and volume is price at which the good will be sold. In every company, there is a price offered depending on the quantity to be bought, quality and other things needed for production. The larger the quantity, the lower the price will be and vice versa. 4 ? Payment Terms and Services. The most important thing for a company going for a negotiation is; length of contract, volume and price and other things like payment terms and services comes up later. The last two remaining factors are considered to make sure that the items agreed before is taken into account in a proper manner. Payment terms are important because even if you have a long contract with large volume but payment is not done in time, you will have to lose something. Services are offered to the buyer to make sure he/she is satisfied with the goods bought. 5 SELLER’S WISH LIST. Here we made our wish list before we went to the meeting. We had decided our lowest price and the contract length. Below you can see the result of our company board meeting before going to negotiate with Chinese company ITEM2 Length of contract Volume Price Payment terms Services WEIGHT 40% 25% 20% 10% 5% RANGE 2-1 Years 500-100units/month $200-$150 10-15days 5/5-8/5 In the following table you can see that we agreed to have at least 1 year contract with Chinese company. As they are old and experience company, we believe that it won’t be any problem even if we have 2 years long contract. In terms of volume we were ready to deliver any amount till up to 500 per months. Price was the main concern of our meeting. We know that they will try to spend more time on the price negotiating and knowing we have many competitors in the market, we needed to come up with a very good price range. We also had an agreement on payment terms which should meet within the short period. Lastly, we agreed to offer them a good customer service. 2 Professor Shia Yun Chiang Power point presentation-Estimating wish list ,Power point presentation slide no. 9 10 6 THE AGREEMENT ZONE In every negotiation, there are two possible outcomes. The parties can either reach an agreement or not. The first situation is where the seller and the buyer don’t reach an agreement at all, either, due to the buyer or seller not agreeing with the offer given. The second situation is where the two parties (Buyer and Seller) reach an agreement and signs a contract for the business to take place immediately. For the two parties to reach an agreement, they will have to consider their Consequence of No Agreement (CNA). CNA will either make the two parties to agree or disagree. BUYER’S WISH LIST ITEM3 Price Services Payment terms Length of contract Volume WEIGHT 45% 25% 20% 5% 5% RANGE $100-$150 8/5-5/5 Cash transfer 3-1Years 50-100units/month After a lengthy discussion with the buyer, following were the outcomes of negotiation; OUTCOME ITEM Price Length of Contract Volume Payment Terms Services DETAILS $150/Design 1 Year 100 Units/month Cash Transfer in 2 days 10 Days training Professor Shia Yun Chiang Power point presentation-Estimating wish list ,Power point presentation slide no. 9 10 7 Chapter 3 OBSERVATION VALUES AND THINKING IN NEGOTIATION. When going for a negotiation one has to learn the buyer’s values in thinking. These values differ from one country or one region to the other and it can cause a misunderstanding between the two parties. According to the research we did about Chinese negotiation, we found out that Chinese are more relationship oriented than Africans and even other nations. As soon as we entered into the Chinese office for the negotiation, they offered us Water. This proves that they are more relationship oriented; they use this to build a rapport between their clients even before negotiation. Another thing that the company we were negotiating with did is that, they invited us for supper. In these acts we can see how Chinese people are mostly towards relationship with their clients unlike other European countries or America and even Africa. Before us reaching a conclusion, the Chinese people asked a lot of personal questions even in the middle of our negotiation. Some of the questions they asked were; When will you go back to your country? Do you like china? Is your country very hot than china? These personal questions that are not related to business are a clear picture of Chinese values and thinking in a negotiation. â€Å"As a general rule, it’s always safer to adopt a formal posture and move to an informal stance, if the situation warrants it, than to assume an informal style too quickly†4 4 As Jeswald W. Salacuse- (Ivey Business journal) 8 . During our research, we were also able to notice some of the things that are not common in African countries and even other continents. The first thing that they did is to welcome us in a very encouraging manner that made us feel at home, and with such hospitality, we were able to do the negotiation having been convinced that Chinese are good business people. This kind of hospitality that Chinese people give to their clients make them win in the businesses they negotiate in because the other party will feel so cared for that they can trust the offers given. Another thing we noticed in the research is the way they asked us whether someone has introduced us to the company or we looked it up in the internet. At the beginning I didn’t see the reason why they should be concerned with how we got to know about the company, but after we finished the meeting I had to ask and what they told us is, in Chinese (Intermediary/ middleman). This is one of the things that make us to realize how important Chinese value relationship in the business arena. The other behavior that we observed in the process of visiting and doing the negotiation is that, immediately we arrived at the factory, we were received and taken around the factory to see how they do their production and even explaining every step of production line. This really made us feel honored and we started to see them as transparent and responsible people, something that needed in business so much. â€Å"Chinese negotiating style is people oriented and permeated with such Confucians notion as guanxi, renqing, face, family age, harmony, hierarchy, li (etiquette)†5. 5 As said by Tong Fang –Chinese Business Negotiating Styles 9 CIRCULAR REASONING TALKING In our haste to market our designs for shoe soles. We came across various ways in which Chinese carry out their business negotiation. While most of the companies we approached exhibited the sequential kind of talking, the Chinese demonstrated the circular type. Interestingly, as we tried to obtain information and answer their questions regarding our products, we realized that Chinese, when not interested in your product would rather beat about the bush than going straight to the point. This is mostly demonstrated in the time of negotiating prices. This makes it hard to determine their stance in terms of buying the product. It is almost impossible at that moment to determine the level of consequence of no agreement on the buyer’s side. As much as you try explaining and convincing Chinese buyers who are less interested in a product, you will end up just like before. It is hard for them to say â€Å"no† point blank. This I believe is because of the long courting and relationship they build up with their business partners before negotiating. For instance, in one of our interviews, the interviewee mentioned after our refusal to take lunch with him that it is the culture of Chinese people to dine with their potential business partners irrespective of their interests. He explained that not only does this emphasize politeness; it also creates room for next or future cooperation. That is why in almost every meeting with a Chinese business man, you are served tea or water even before the talking starts. As pleasing as this might sound, it is also the reason behind the average Chinese would want to beat about the bush when not interested in the product for sale. Relationship and friendship are commonly used to obtain a better price and more concessions. 10 Herbig and Martin (1998), Stark, Fam, Waller and Tian (2005), and Zhu et al. (2007) all found that the Chinese do not rush into the negotiation, but rather, spend a lot of time in getting to know their counterparts as much as possible, even including personal information in order to build guanxi and trust from the beginning. Another finding is that they would want to end the meeting peacefully and friendly just as it had started without having to ruin the relationship or hurt anyone’s feelings, yet they have to decide whether or not to purchase the product. According to Faure (1999), the Chinese focus more on relationship building during this stage, as they need to know their counterparts for any business deal to occur. This negotiation practice might cause conflict with Westerners, as Westerners prefer to start negotiations straight away after basic greetings and introductions. Rule how to be successful in dealing with Chinese: â€Å"Be fair, reasonable and diplomatic: â€Å"If your Chinese counterpart believes that you are being unreasonable, they may not openly say so, but your negotiations are likely to stall and go nowhere. If you disagree with your counterpart, don’t simply reject their position out of hand, but carefully explain your reasoning†. 6 6 â€Å"Forbes† by Jack Perkowski (Negotiating in China; 10 rules for Success 11 QUESTIONING INTERRUPTING We’ve had several encounters with many customers throughout the years, but what makes the Chinese customers outstanding is their mode of questioning. Unlike our African customers, they tend to interrupt and chip in their questions whiles you are talking. In some cultures, this might seem rude and impolite but this is not so for Chinese. They are very cooperative, assertive and defensive. This encourages and makes the one talking feel he’s being listened to. This normally generates positive feedback. During one of the interviews conducted, it came to our realization that, the typical or traditional Chinese interrupts more than the Chinese who has been open to Western culture. Customers who deal with Westerners or Africans have adjusted to some of their negotiation skill. This we believe will go a long way to influence most Chinese business partners. Their character or attitude of seeking and asking questions is different from other people in the sense that Chinese exhibits a character of â€Å"Xenophobia which is a distrust of all things foreign to one’s own culture. Xenophile is a lust to obtain all things new and or foreign. The Chinese have become inclined to distrust anything and everyone from foreign lands due to their history of violent revolutions and government seizures and changes. On the other hand, they have also seen the new technologies and high standard of living in the West, and many Chinese struggle with these mixed feelings as they pursue business opportunities with foreigners and seek to acquire western technologies â€Å"(Pye, 1992) 12 COLLECTIVISM Under collectivism, the means of production are owned and controlled by the state or the people as a whole. Also, it describes any outlook or philosophy that stresses the interactivity between people. It is often consider as opposite of individualism. There are two basic types of collectivism: horizontal and vertical. In the horizontal type, members are considered to be as equal as possible, and share resources and responsibilities. The vertical include a social hierarchy that society member work to maintain, and people submit to those above them in the hierarchy. Collectivism in China When Mao Ze Dong came into power; he strengthens the collectivism by eliminating landowners and individualists, sending nearly everyone to work in collectivist communities. Therefore, China has been more collectivist than individualist in both ancient and modern history. Many research states that, there are many leaders in China today who believe that the days of collectivism in China will soon be gone. There are several reasons for this. First is that the â€Å"one-child-policy,† especially in the cities, it gives us many younger citizens who have been raised to believe that they hold a special place in the world. This kind of upbringing leads to individualism over collectivism. In business point, there are still many examples of collectivist thinking. For example, When we(foreigner) and Chinese, began to work together, mainly the Chinese look towards the team as 13 the reason for the company success, but on the other hand, the foreigner(us) were trying to identify individual high performers. That’s one of the different between Chinese and foreign culture. Collectivism between our culture (as a foreigner) and Chinese Collectivism is a cultural pattern found especially in East Asia, Latin America, and Africa. But nowadays societies are not purely individualist or collectivist, but some of them are the mixture of the two. Western and Northern Europe, USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand are individualist. Conclusion Although there are few countries fully apply in collectivism, like North Korea, most of the countries are applying the mixture of collectivism and individualism. Those countries practicing collectivism mainly have a low GDP level, because it affects trade with the other countries. 14 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIFICATION OF TIME AND PRICE. The important aspects when we negotiate with Chinese: Patience is the most important qualification for successful negotiations with the Chinese. Negotiations in China often take time because of different departments within one organization tend to be involved in negotiation processes and decision-making within the Chinese bureaucracy often takes time. By Confucianism, Chinese will not rush into any serious meetings with someone whom they do not know; trust and a certain feeling of closeness. Here is the example of Chinese negotate style we found. It prove that, to negotiate a favourite price with Chinese, obviously we need time. 1. Don’t expose too much of your interest in a product you want to buy even though you’re really drawn to it. It is better to act like that it does not matter to you and you don’t have to have it. Sometimes the sales person would tell you if he or she can judge from your facial expression that you really want that item. 2. In the first time you will never get the exact item for the price. Usually the sales person would try to seduce you by offering an unfavorable price. For example, for a necklace placed at $100, if you ask the sales person for discount, perhaps for the first time she would give you a discount like $90. Don’t take it. Just think that it is too high and walk away. Sometimes the sales person would shout at your back and offer much more favorable discounts. 15 3. The second negotiation is to reach a middle point. Try to get 45-60% discount of the original price. If it is impossible, try to get somewhere around 70-85%. Try to negotiate in a friendly way. If the agreement cannot be reached, walk away again. 4. The final negotiation will be the last attempt. Be firm and try to get 40% off. Some might finally give you 40% off, while some can’t due to different price strategies involved and store renting fees, staff cost, etc. To compare with our culture(as a foreigner), in our country, all the goods had set their fixed selling price, and most of the company usually have their own rule for market selling, therefore the vacuum for price negotiate will be less. 16 LANGUAGE BARRIER Our group members come from Nepal, Ghana, Tanzania, and Hong Kong. We speak different languages. English is our second language. We often face with language barrier within and outside the group. . Language barrier often is a big problem. If this was an outsourcing job or transcription work, language would probably have a major role, as both require clear understanding of the accents, practice of speaking in a fluent way. Cause of language barrier: 1. Emails written communication we should be able to clearly understand written instructions and reply with clear and also follow rules in a polite way. Sometimes we often wrote a business mail in a friendly tone, instead we should write in a formal way. 2. Phone Calls While working with an outsourcing partner, providing a phone number for emergencies may seem to be a good idea. However if this phone number happens to be attended by a non-English speaking person, it will serve nothing but a source of irritation. So we can think of giving the mobile number of a representative who can speak with clear and patience even if the resolution is not attained on the call in itself. 17 Useful method between different language. Pictogram and simple image are useful method as icon or sign for almost every place. It means they are efficient to give information to people without any words. They have high possibility to support the communication between two people without spoken language. Conclusion We need to use English to communicate with each other, when we were going to Nanhai to take the video, sometimes we need to use Chinese to communicate with the local Chinese people. When people from different countries speak in different languages, we often face difficulties an understanding each other. We cannot express our meaning in a proper way. During our research, when we took the train, there was problem in translating Chinese characters. So it is quite hard for us to find the way to the shoe factory. In addition, the English level of a local Chinese are mainly still in low level, some of them even cannot understand what we are asking. I think it is what we are called language barriers. 18 Chapter 4 TIPS TO NEGOTIATE WITH CHINESE The intensive research negotiation we conducted at Yuehai Shoes Materials factory widened up our knowledge about Chinese negotiation. We believe through this report you have acquired some usefully tips on how to strategically negotiate with Chinese. Upon what you have learned here are our recommendations for you to conquer any negotiation: ? Be prepared†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Make sure you are well prepared. ? Understand the cultural differences†¦. Get to know the other culture. ? Don’t be afraid of negotiation†¦ if you can talk you can negotiate. ? Show some emotions (share some burden)†¦remember, people value them. ? Be on time.. time is money. ? Be careful†¦ use appropriate language. ? Be in control†¦ don’t allow other things to distract your focus. ? Give some room for the other party (compromise whenever necessary). ? Show some vivid example†¦ a picture is worth a thousand words. 19 CONCLUSION â€Å"Deal is always better that no deal. †7 As hard as negotiation may seem to be, its outcomes are almost always worth the endurance. In different cultures where there are different goals, different point of views, different interests, different values and beliefs, different needs and different decision making styles; it takes a considerably huge amount of effort for sellers and buyers to reach the agreement zone. Both parties must be willing to give up part of their wish or lower their requirements which do not happen easily. With better understanding of both cultures of the parties involved, the negotiation will yield more significance solutions. One should keep in mind that negotiation is the cornerstone of any successfully business in the world. Despite the difficulties involved in the strategic negotiation, lets us follow the words of one of our great fathers who once said, â€Å"Let’s never negotiate out of fear, but lets us never fear to negotiate. †8 7 Professor Shia Yun Chiang class PowerPoint presentation 8a.

Appropriate Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD

Appropriate Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Education Political correctness and the constant fear of impending litigation from any number of sources has forced society to find other means through which they can control their children. Though other avenues for treatment exist, recent developments in educational and familial systems have produced a situation where children are over prescribed stimulant medications to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder for educational purposes. For that reason, we must consider the appropriate treatment for ADHD in education. Four main aspects to this issue need to be discussed in order to fully understand the situation: a description of ADHD, the symptoms of ADHD, the statistical information regarding the over prescription and a description/history of stimulant use, and some possible alternatives to drug therapy. It is important to understand what ADHD is. ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder that was originally thought to be a form of "minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) (D’Alonzo 88)," however, it is no longer recognized as a form of MBD. "Along with these changes in classification, investigators identified behaviors related to ADHD: hyperactivity, restlessness, impulsivity, aggression, distractibility, and short attention span. These symptoms formed the three behavioral constructs inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity described by the American Psychiatric Association (D’Alonzo 88)." In both the professional and lay media ADHD is routinely referred to as a neurological disorder, while most experts agree that genetic-biochemical factors influence behavior somewhat, the general public tends to view this as biologically unco... ...view. 26 3 (1997): 369-381. Flick, Grad L. "Managing ADHD in the Classroom Minus Medication." The Education Digest. 63 9 (1998): 51-56. Frankenburger, William; Christie Cannon. "Effects of Ritalin on Academic Achievement from First to Fifth Grade." International Journal of Disability, Development, and Education. 46 2 (1999): 199-221. Jensen, Peter S. Lori Kettle, Margret T Roper. "Are Stimulants Overprescribed? Treatment of ADHD in Four U.S. Communitites." Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychology. 38 7 (1999): 797-804. Maynard, R.. "Omaha Pupils Given "Behavior Drugs." Washington Post 29 June 1970: A8. Read, J.S. "Ritalin: It's not the Teacher's Decision." CEC Today. 2 (1995): 14. Yehle, A.K.; Wambold, Clark. "An ADHD Success Story: Strategies for Teachers and Students." Teaching Exceptional Children. 30 (1998): 6 8-13.

Review of the IT Administrator’s Task

You are an IT administrator for a company with an existing AD Forest. The company is adding two, new branch offices and you have been tasked with designing a replication strategy prior to DC deployment. Branch1 will be connected to the Main Office via a pair of bonded T1 lines and will contain a Call Center with high employee turnover. Branch2 will be in a very remote location and will be connected to the Main Office via a 56K POTS line.The run a replication topology in multisite network should be run off of Intersite Topology Generator. This will allow you to replicate between the two new offices. There are three attributes to control the behavior of replication traffic over the site link: cost, schedule, and frequency. Assigning a cost to a site link object allows the administrator to define the pate that replication will take. The schedule of the site link object determines when the link is available to replicate information. A site link’s frequency determines how often inf ormation will be replicated over a particular site link.Active Directory uses two protocols: Remote Procedure Calls over Internet Protocol by default for all replication traffic. The other protocol is called Simple Mail Transport Protocol is an alternative solution for intersite replication when a direct or reliable IP connection is not available. SMTP site links use asynchronous replication meaning that each replication transaction does not need to complete before another can start because the transaction can be stored until the destination server is available.After reviewing all of these protocols and the replication strategy that I have provided should give you a good understanding of which needed for each office building. Good luck on adding your two new branch offices.

A result Air Asia has to develop

The current business environment is characterized by a considerable level of competitive rivalry and as a result businesses have to constantly reengineer their internal processes in order to develop a sustainable competitive advantage.This is the situation in the airline industry and as a result Air Asia has to develop a sustainable competitive advantage. It is believed that the installation of the e-commerce application will facilitate the implementation of the most important strategy: maximizing access to information.This is one of the most important strengths for the company not only because the company will be in a position to collect more information about its customers, but also because the customers will be able to get more information as well. As a result, this will serve as an advertising tool for the company. In this respect, the company will not be facing any problem because the strategy is being implemented through a joint venture with Microsoft.The airline industry is ch aracterized by a high level of competitive intensity and therefore Air Asia has to constantly reengineer its internal operations in order to build and maintain a competitive edge. In this respect, the strategic focus of the company is cost minimization. According to Michael Porter’s framework for strategy formulation, a business organization has three strategies at its disposal in order to build and maintain a competitive advantage.These are differentiation, cost minimization and focus (cited in Fred, 2006). Although Air Asia might be said to be implementing all three strategies, its focus is on minimizing costs. The company is implementing the strategy of focus by targeting underserved markets while it is implementing the strategy of differentiation by adding value-added services to its repertoire.However the reasoning behind choosing to adopt these strategies has been to locate opportunities for ensuring customer satisfaction through focusing on areas of the market which ha ve not been targeted by competitors. As a result, Air Asia manages to charge lower prices than many of its competitors while maintaining comparable standards of quality.Mobile commerce is an extension of e-commerce according to which computer systems can be accessed through the internet on mobile devices such as PDA, smartphone or a cell phone (cited in Hitt, 2007).Mobil commerce has greater flexibility than e-commerce because it has satellite connectivity. As a result, devices which do not have internet connectivity but which have satellite connectivity can conduct transactions via m-commerce.In this respect, it must be mentioned that m-commerce can conduct video and audio conferencing. Therefore the application of m-commerce leads to greater scope for business-to-business and business-to consumer exchanges. This has become the crucial business model in the current business environment which is characterized by a high level of competitive rivalry.This means that businesses must foc us on the process of cost minimization. This is facilitated through both e-commerce and m-commerce applications as they facilitate the development of B2B and B2C frameworks. However m-commerce is more convenient because of its greater accessibility.Air Asia’s application of Windows Vista can be extended to m-commerce because Microsoft has already developed operating systems for mobile phones. Therefore Microsoft will be in a position to create interoperability between e-commerce and m-commerce through the Air Asia gadget. Although m-commerce is wirelessly connected, it has the flexibility of being connected through e-commerce as well.This means that any solutions developed for e-commerce can be accessible through m-commerce. This will benefit the consumers because they will not have to be connected to the internet once the Windows Vista application is made compatible in the m-commerce platform. In this respect, the costs of conducting e-commerce applications are higher than m -commerce applications.E-commerce requires connectivity via a personal computer. With m-commerce the same amount of information can be processed through a cell phone.Evolution of e-commerce and m-commerceM-commerce is conducted through small hand-held devices. These devices have small screens which might make it difficult for the customers to read the information. At the same time however, these devices are easily carried.Therefore, through m-commerce, the customers can be in greater contact with the source of information. Another great advantage of m-commerce is that they use wireless application protocols. Therefore they do not have connected through wires. This enhances the portability of m-commerce applications. However the problem is that the technology involved in the wireless application protocol has still room for improvement so that connectivity is still limited.This enhances the cost of conducting transactions because the more time that the customer waits for the informati on to arrive, the more costly it is. Therefore money-wise it is still more feasible to use an e-commerce application. However there is no doubt that the issues of user-friendly computing are better addressed through m-commerce.In the case of e-commerce, there is a considerable level of concern with security. These issues are less relevant in m-commerce because of its wireless connectivity.However even satellite services which serve as the platform for m-commerce can be vulnerable to online hackers and therefore mobile phone companies are now investing in this area. However there is no doubt that in m-commerce there is less potential for security issues and as a result this is a more attractive proposition for the customers.The problem is that without additional advancements in e-commerce, m-commerce will not become viable. This is a critical issue to consider because different services such as airlines must focus their resources more on m-commerce than on e-commerce because mobile p hones are more widely used than computers.Therefore any promotional campaigns targeting online business services will gain greater exposure through m-commerce than through e-commerce. The most important contributing factor is that even those consumers who are not comfortable with using computers in conducting online transactions will have used mobile phones for communications purposes.

Puritan in early America essays

Puritan in early America essays When King Henry VII dissolved the Catholic Church and made the Church of England rendering the Pope powerless in all English affairs (Williams, 4), some people, non-conformists, were not happy. They were persecuted for practicing their religion, so when they found a chance to leave, they did. This first group of people had been living in self-exile in Leyden, Holland. They were known by 3 different names, their leader William Bradford called them Pilgrims, those who held them in contempt called them Brownists, and to King James and his court they were known as Separatists (Williams, 48). They were forced to leave England, because their complete and unchanging belief that religion should be completely free from government. They became tired of Holland, because of their poor worship of the Sabbath, and were ready to find a new place to live, but only 35 were brave enough to go to the America, they were joined by 66 people from London. Their desired destination is not known, but they ended up landing at Cape Cod. After some exploring surrounding land the Pilgrims chose Plymouth Rock as their permanent settlement (Williams, 52). Although the first year almost half of the population died, by 1632, 11 years after the beginning their population was up to 500. By the end in 1691 the population was no more than eight thousand scattered in several towns (Williams, 53). Puritans made many settlements and had trade routes in between the cities. Inside of the cities life was organized and run very strictly. The church was the government and controlled everything under strict rule. They believed punishment for everything should be death or shame. If you had beliefs other than what the church wanted you to have you would be thrown in jail, or banished. The church felt fear of God was the way to worship, and also felt that fear was the best way to run a community. Puritans, like all Protestants, believed in predestination; God, they decla...